Cognitive decline among older adults in Europe: an analysis of easySHARE data

Abstract

Today, the progressive aging of the world population represents a crucial issue, with significant consequences implications for public health. Among the most relevant concerns related to third age, cognitive decline and depression have been found to be closely interconnected, both influenced by a wide range of socio-demographic, biological and behavioral factors. Using the easySHARE dataset—a reduced version of the SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) study — these phenomena were analyzed by focusing on EU residents aged 64 years and older, as of 2022.

The analyses employed statistical methods, including linear regression models, with the aim of identifying variables strongly associated with cognitive decline. The findings indicate that factors such as educational attainment, self-perceived health, and regular physical activity significantly contribute to reducing cognitive risks. Other factors, such as the cohabitation with a partner or maintaining a healthy diet, also demonstrate protective effects on cognitive well-being.

Notably, depression emerged as a relevant predictor of cognitive decline, highlighting the potential value of psychological support in treating depression as a means to also slow the cognitive decay.

This highlights the urgent need for policies and interventions aimed at promoting active and “successful” aging, ultimately contributing to an improved quality of life for older adults in Europe.